-
1 Mylne, Robert
[br]b. 1733 Edinburgh, Scotland d. 1811[br]Scottish engineer, architect and bridge-builder.[br]Mylne was the eldest son of Thomas Mylne, Surveyor to the City of Edinburgh. Little is known of his early education. In 1754, at the age of 21, he left Edinburgh by sea and journeyed to Rome, where he attended the Academy of St Luke. There he received the first prize for architecture. In 1759 he left Rome to travel back to England, where he arrived in time for the competition then going ahead for the design and building of a new bridge across the Thames at Blackfriars. Against 68 other competitors, Mylne won the competition; the work took some ten years to complete.In 1760 he was appointed Engineer and Architect to the City of London, and in 1767 Joint Engineer to the New River Company together with Henry Mill, who died within a few years to leave Mylne to become Chief Engineer in 1770. Thus for the next forty years he was in charge of all the works for the New River Company between Clerkenwell and Ware, the opposite ends of London's main water supply. By 1767 he had also been appointed to a number of other important posts, which included Surveyor to Canterbury Cathedral and St Paul's Cathedral. In addition to undertaking his responsibilities for these great public buildings, he designed many private houses and villas all over the country, including several buildings for the Duke of Argyll on the Inverary Castle estate.Mylne was also responsible for the design of a great number of bridges, waterworks and other civil engineering works throughout Britain. Called in to advise on the Norwich city waterworks, he fell out with Joseph Bramah in a somewhat spectacular dispute.For much of his life Mylne lived at the Water House at the New River Head at Islington, from which he could direct much of the work on that waterway that came under his supervision. He also had residences in New Bridge Street and, as Clerk of Works, at Greenwich Hospital. Towards the end of his life he built himself a small house at Amwell, a country retreat at the outer end of the New River. He kept a diary from 1762 to 1810 which includes only brief memoranda but which shows a remarkable diligence in travelling all over the country by stagecoach and by postchaise. He was a freemason, as were many of his family; he married Mary Home on 10 September 1770, with whom he had ten children, four of whom survived into adulthood.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFellow of the Royal Society 1767.Further ReadingDictionary of National Biography, London.A.E.Richardson, 1955, Robert Mylne, 1733–1811, Engineer and Architect, London: Batsford. -
2 Architecture and building
Biographical history of technology > Architecture and building
-
3 Civil engineering
-
4 Bramah, Joseph
SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering, Domestic appliances and interiors, Land transport, Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Public utilities[br]b. 2 April 1749 Stainborough, Yorkshire, Englandd. 9 December 1814 Pimlico, London, England[br]English inventor of the second patented water-closet, the beer-engine, the Bramah lock and, most important, the hydraulic press.[br]Bramah was the son of a tenant farmer and was educated at the village school before being apprenticed to a local carpenter, Thomas Allot. He walked to London c.1773 and found work with a Mr Allen that included the repair of some of the comparatively rare water-closets of the period. He invented and patented one of his own, which was followed by a water cock in 1783. His next invention, a greatly improved lock, involved the devising of a number of special machine tools, for it was one of the first devices involving interchangeable components in its manufacture. In this he had the help of Henry Maudslay, then a young and unknown engineer, who became Bramah's foreman before setting up business on his own. In 1784 he moved his premises from Denmark Street, St Giles, to 124 Piccadilly, which was later used as a showroom when he set up a factory in Pimlico. He invented an engine for putting out fires in 1785 and 1793, in effect a reciprocating rotary-vane pump. He undertook the refurbishment and modernization of Norwich waterworks c.1793, but fell out with Robert Mylne, who was acting as Consultant to the Norwich Corporation and had produced a remarkably vague specification. This was Bramah's only venture into the field of civil engineering.In 1797 he acted as an expert witness for Hornblower \& Maberley in the patent infringement case brought against them by Boulton and Watt. Having been cut short by the judge, he published his proposed evidence in "Letter to the Rt Hon. Sir James Eyre, Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas…etc". In 1795 he was granted his most important patent, based on Pascal's Hydrostatic Paradox, for the hydraulic press which also incorporated the concept of hydraulics for the transmission of both power and motion and was the foundation of the whole subsequent hydraulic industry. There is no truth in the oft-repeated assertion originating from Samuel Smiles's Industrial Biography (1863) that the hydraulic press could not be made to work until Henry Maudslay invented the self-sealing neck leather. Bramah used a single-acting upstroking ram, sealed only at its base with a U-leather. There was no need for a neck leather.He also used the concept of the weight-loaded, in this case as a public-house beer-engine. He devised machinery for carbonating soda water. The first banknote-numbering machine was of his design and was bought by the Bank of England. His development of a machine to cut twelve nibs from one goose quill started a patent specification which ended with the invention of the fountain pen, patented in 1809. His coach brakes were an innovation that was followed bv a form of hydropneumatic carriage suspension that was somewhat in advance of its time, as was his patent of 1812. This foresaw the introduction of hydraulic power mains in major cities and included the telescopic ram and the air-loaded accumulator.In all Joseph Bramah was granted eighteen patents. On 22 March 1813 he demonstrated a hydraulic machine for pulling up trees by the roots in Hyde Park before a large crowd headed by the Duke of York. Using the same machine in Alice Holt Forest in Hampshire to fell timber for ships for the Navy, he caught a chill and died soon after at his home in Pimlico.[br]Bibliography1778, British patent no. 1177 (water-closet). 1784, British patent no. 1430 (Bramah Lock). 1795, British patent no. 2045 (hydraulic press). 1809, British patent no. 3260 (fountain pen). 1812, British patent no. 3611.Further ReadingI.McNeil, 1968, Joseph Bramah, a Century of Invention.S.Smiles, 1863, Industrial Biography.H.W.Dickinson, 1942, "Joseph Bramah and his inventions", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 22:169–86.IMcN
См. также в других словарях:
Mylne — Robert Mylne Robert Mylne (* 1734 in Edinburgh; † 5. Mai 1811) war ein renommierter schottischer Architekt und Bauingenieur. Sein Großvater war Meistersteinmetz Robert Mylne (1633–1710), der vor allem als königlicher Baumeister des Holyrood… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Robert Mylne — (* 1734 in Edinburgh; † 5. Mai 1811) war ein renommierter schottischer Architekt und Bauingenieur. Sein Großvater war Meistersteinmetz Robert Mylne (1633–1710), der vor allem als königlicher Baumeister des Holyrood Palace in Edinburgh b … Deutsch Wikipedia
Robert Mylne — Infobox Architect caption=Engraving of Mylne, aged 24, by Vincenzio Vangelisti, after a drawing by Richard Brompton. name=Robert Mylne nationality=Scottish birth date=4 January 1733 birth place=Edinburgh death date=5 May 1811 death place=Great… … Wikipedia
Robert Mylne (1633-1710) — Robert Mylne (1633 ndash; 10 December 1710) was a Scottish stonemason and architect. A descendant of the Mylne family of masons and builders, Robert was the last Master Mason to the Crown of Scotland, a post he held from 1668 until his death.… … Wikipedia
Mylne — is a surname, and may refer to: Alfred Mylne (1871–1951), Scottish yacht designer John Mylne (d.1621), Scottish master mason John Mylne (d.1657), John Mylne of Perth , Scottish master mason John Mylne (1611–1667), John Mylne junior , Scottish… … Wikipedia
Robert Cadell — (16 December 1788 – 20 January 1849) was a bookseller and publisher closely associated with Sir Walter Scott. He born at Cockenzie, East Lothian, Scotland, the fifth son of John Cadell, a Laird of Cockenzie, and Marie Buchan, his wife.Cadell s… … Wikipedia
Robert Drummond of Carnock — Sir Robert Drummond of Carnock (died 1592) was Master of Work to the Crown of Scotland from 1579 to 1583. This was the responsibility for building and repair of palaces and castles. His appointment was made to be as Sir James Hamilton of Finnart… … Wikipedia
John Mylne — John Mylne, retratado por un artista desconocido en la década de 1650. Información personal Nacimiento 1611 Perth (Escocia) … Wikipedia Español
John Mylne (1611-1667) — Infobox Architect caption =John Mylne, painted by an unknown artist around 1650. name =John Mylne nationality =Scottish birth date =1611 birth place = Perth, Scotland death date = 24 December 1667 death place = Edinburgh significant buildings=… … Wikipedia
William Chadwell Mylne — (April 1781 ndash; 25 December 1863) was a British engineer and architect. He was descended from a Scottish family of masons and architects, and was the second son of Robert Mylne (1733 1811), surveyor to the New River Company, and builder of the … Wikipedia
John Mylne (d.1621) — John Mylne (d. 1621) was a Scottish master mason, the first of three successive generations of the name to serve as Master Mason to the Crown of Scotland. [No official record of his appointment exists, but he is described as such in contemporary… … Wikipedia